{
 "version": "2026-10-20",
 "license": "Dimension sheets: CC BY 4.0. Standard and published-size files: CC BY 4.0. Xem Studio's own designs (files_license = Xem Studio Design License): free to use and sell things from, not to redistribute as files — https://xemstudio.com/license/. Other publishers' files: their own license, linked beside them.",
 "slug": "butt-weld-elbows-3d",
 "name": "Butt-weld 3D (3R) elbows, 90° and 45° (ASME B16.9), NPS 3/4 to 12: centre-to-end 3 × NPS",
 "kind": "standard",
 "category": "Tri-clamp & pipe",
 "group": "Pipe, tube & threads",
 "year": null,
 "question": "What is the centre-to-end of a 3D (3R) butt-weld elbow, 90° and 45°?",
 "tags": [
  "pipe",
  "pipe fitting",
  "butt weld",
  "elbow",
  "3d",
  "3r",
  "b16.9",
  "standard"
 ],
 "aliases": [
  "3d elbow dimensions",
  "3r elbow center to end",
  "3d 90 degree elbow",
  "3d 45 degree elbow",
  "3r pipe elbow dimensions",
  "butt weld 3d elbow",
  "3d bend radius pipe",
  "3 x d elbow dimensions",
  "3d elbow step file",
  "5d elbow vs 3d",
  "3d elbow 2 inch dimensions"
 ],
 "overall_mm": {
  "length": null,
  "width": null,
  "height": null
 },
 "official_cad": false,
 "xem_status": "free-files",
 "les": false,
 "free_files": 3,
 "url": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/butt-weld-elbows-3d/",
 "sheet_txt": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/butt-weld-elbows-3d/sheet.txt",
 "sheet": {
  "basis": "Centre-to-end A (90°) and B (45°) in mm from Wermac's ASME B16.9 3D table; the 90° value cross-checked against Texas Flange's 3R inch table; OD and Sch 40 wall per ASME B36.10",
  "overall_mm": {
   "length": null,
   "width": null,
   "height": null
  },
  "notes": [
   "A 3D elbow (also called 3R) turns on a centreline radius of 3 × the nominal pipe size: for a 90° elbow centre-to-end A equals the bend radius, 3.00 in at NPS 1 (76 mm) and 6.00 in at NPS 2 (152 mm). Texas Flange: 'A 3R elbow turns on a centreline radius of three times the nominal pipe diameter'. Wermac's mm column and Texas Flange's inch column agree for every size from NPS 3/4 to 12.",
   "The 45° centre-to-end B is Wermac's mm table only; no second source for the 45° 3D value was read. Wermac prints no NPS 1/2 row for 3D. B is close to, but not exactly, R × tan 22.5° (NPS 1: 31 printed vs 31.6 from the radius), so no 45° file is drawn: the table value and a pure circular arc would disagree.",
   "Files: the 90° 3D elbow at NPS 1, 2 and 4, Schedule 40, hollow: a torus section with bend radius equal to the published centre-to-end (3 × NPS), so the faces sit exactly A from the intersection of the pipe axes.",
   "Long radius (1.5 × NPS) is butt-weld-elbows-long-radius, short radius (1 × NPS) is butt-weld-elbows-short-radius.",
   "OD and Schedule 40 wall: the tables print OD rounded (1.32, 2.38, 4.50 in); the files use the exact ASME B36.10 OD (1.315, 2.375, 4.500 in) with the Sch 40 wall (.133, .154, .237 in) that Texas Flange prints for each size. Fittings are made to match the pipe's OD and wall.",
   "Ends are drawn square. Real fittings are bevelled for welding to ASME B16.25; no public, citable statement of the bevel was found, so it is not drawn."
  ],
  "table": {
   "columns": [
    "NPS",
    "OD, mm",
    "90° 3D centre-to-end A, mm (Wermac)",
    "90° 3D centre-to-end, in (Texas Flange)",
    "45° 3D centre-to-end B, mm (Wermac)",
    "Sch 40 wall"
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     "3/4",
     "26.7 (1.05 in)",
     "57",
     "2.25",
     "24",
     "0.113 in (2.87 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "1",
     "33.4 (1.32 in)",
     "76",
     "3.00",
     "31",
     "0.133 in (3.38 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "1-1/4",
     "42.2 (1.66 in)",
     "95",
     "3.75",
     "39",
     "0.140 in (3.56 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "1-1/2",
     "48.3 (1.90 in)",
     "114",
     "4.50",
     "47",
     "0.145 in (3.68 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "2",
     "60.3 (2.38 in)",
     "152",
     "6.00",
     "63",
     "0.154 in (3.91 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "2-1/2",
     "73.0 (2.88 in)",
     "190",
     "7.50",
     "79",
     "0.203 in (5.16 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "3",
     "88.9 (3.50 in)",
     "229",
     "9.00",
     "95",
     "0.216 in (5.49 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "3-1/2",
     "101.6 (4.00 in)",
     "267",
     "10.50",
     "111",
     "0.226 in (5.74 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "4",
     "114.3 (4.50 in)",
     "305",
     "12.00",
     "127",
     "0.237 in (6.02 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "5",
     "141.3 (5.56 in)",
     "381",
     "15.00",
     "157",
     "0.258 in (6.55 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "6",
     "168.3 (6.62 in)",
     "457",
     "18.00",
     "189",
     "0.280 in (7.11 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "8",
     "219.1 (8.62 in)",
     "610",
     "24.00",
     "252",
     "0.322 in (8.18 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "10",
     "273.0 (10.75 in)",
     "762",
     "30.00",
     "316",
     "0.365 in (9.27 mm)"
    ],
    [
     "12",
     "323.8 (12.75 in)",
     "914",
     "36.00",
     "378",
     "0.406 in (10.31 mm)"
    ]
   ]
  }
 },
 "sheet_text": "Butt-weld 3D (3R) elbows, 90° and 45° (ASME B16.9), NPS 3/4 to 12: centre-to-end 3 × NPS — dimension sheet\nSource: Xem Studio, https://xemstudio.com/objects/butt-weld-elbows-3d/  (sheet CC BY 4.0)\nBasis: Centre-to-end A (90°) and B (45°) in mm from Wermac's ASME B16.9 3D table; the 90° value cross-checked against Texas Flange's 3R inch table; OD and Sch 40 wall per ASME B36.10\nCatalog version: 2026-10-20\n\nSizes: see table below\n- A 3D elbow (also called 3R) turns on a centreline radius of 3 × the nominal pipe size: for a 90° elbow centre-to-end A equals the bend radius, 3.00 in at NPS 1 (76 mm) and 6.00 in at NPS 2 (152 mm). Texas Flange: 'A 3R elbow turns on a centreline radius of three times the nominal pipe diameter'. Wermac's mm column and Texas Flange's inch column agree for every size from NPS 3/4 to 12.\n- The 45° centre-to-end B is Wermac's mm table only; no second source for the 45° 3D value was read. Wermac prints no NPS 1/2 row for 3D. B is close to, but not exactly, R × tan 22.5° (NPS 1: 31 printed vs 31.6 from the radius), so no 45° file is drawn: the table value and a pure circular arc would disagree.\n- Files: the 90° 3D elbow at NPS 1, 2 and 4, Schedule 40, hollow: a torus section with bend radius equal to the published centre-to-end (3 × NPS), so the faces sit exactly A from the intersection of the pipe axes.\n- Long radius (1.5 × NPS) is butt-weld-elbows-long-radius, short radius (1 × NPS) is butt-weld-elbows-short-radius.\n- OD and Schedule 40 wall: the tables print OD rounded (1.32, 2.38, 4.50 in); the files use the exact ASME B36.10 OD (1.315, 2.375, 4.500 in) with the Sch 40 wall (.133, .154, .237 in) that Texas Flange prints for each size. Fittings are made to match the pipe's OD and wall.\n- Ends are drawn square. Real fittings are bevelled for welding to ASME B16.25; no public, citable statement of the bevel was found, so it is not drawn.\n\nNPS  OD, mm  90° 3D centre-to-end A, mm (Wermac)  90° 3D centre-to-end, in (Texas Flange)  45° 3D centre-to-end B, mm (Wermac)  Sch 40 wall\n3/4  26.7 (1.05 in)  57  2.25  24  0.113 in (2.87 mm)\n1  33.4 (1.32 in)  76  3.00  31  0.133 in (3.38 mm)\n1-1/4  42.2 (1.66 in)  95  3.75  39  0.140 in (3.56 mm)\n1-1/2  48.3 (1.90 in)  114  4.50  47  0.145 in (3.68 mm)\n2  60.3 (2.38 in)  152  6.00  63  0.154 in (3.91 mm)\n2-1/2  73.0 (2.88 in)  190  7.50  79  0.203 in (5.16 mm)\n3  88.9 (3.50 in)  229  9.00  95  0.216 in (5.49 mm)\n3-1/2  101.6 (4.00 in)  267  10.50  111  0.226 in (5.74 mm)\n4  114.3 (4.50 in)  305  12.00  127  0.237 in (6.02 mm)\n5  141.3 (5.56 in)  381  15.00  157  0.258 in (6.55 mm)\n6  168.3 (6.62 in)  457  18.00  189  0.280 in (7.11 mm)\n8  219.1 (8.62 in)  610  24.00  252  0.322 in (8.18 mm)\n10  273.0 (10.75 in)  762  30.00  316  0.365 in (9.27 mm)\n12  323.8 (12.75 in)  914  36.00  378  0.406 in (10.31 mm)\n\nFiles elsewhere (not hosted by Xem Studio; license as stated by the publisher):\n- Wermac: ASME B16.9 long radius, 3D and 45 deg elbow dimensions (mm) — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://wermac.org/fittings/dim_elbows_a.html\n- Texas Flange (manufacturer / distributor): Butt-weld 90 deg 3R elbows: OD and centre-to-end by NPS — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://texasflange.com/butt-weld-fittings/elbow-90-3r/\n- McMaster-Carr: Metal pipe fittings (butt-weld elbows, tees, reducers, caps) (free STEP/IGES per part, for your own design use; no redistribution) — STEP, IGES, PDF — McMaster-Carr site terms: personal design use, no redistribution [verify license at link] — https://www.mcmaster.com/products/metal-pipe-fittings/\n\nFree files (CC BY 4.0, Xem Studio; STEP + STL, 3 parts): https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/butt-weld-elbows-3d/index.json\nAPI: https://xemstudio.com/api/geometry?object=butt-weld-elbows-3d\n",
 "sources": [
  {
   "publisher": "Wermac",
   "title": "ASME B16.9 long radius, 3D and 45 deg elbow dimensions (mm)",
   "url": "https://wermac.org/fittings/dim_elbows_a.html",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "Texas Flange (manufacturer / distributor)",
   "title": "Butt-weld 90 deg 3R elbows: OD and centre-to-end by NPS",
   "url": "https://texasflange.com/butt-weld-fittings/elbow-90-3r/",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "McMaster-Carr",
   "title": "Metal pipe fittings (butt-weld elbows, tees, reducers, caps) (free STEP/IGES per part, for your own design use; no redistribution)",
   "url": "https://www.mcmaster.com/products/metal-pipe-fittings/",
   "formats": [
    "STEP",
    "IGES",
    "PDF"
   ],
   "license": "McMaster-Carr site terms: personal design use, no redistribution",
   "license_verified": false,
   "hosted": false
  }
 ],
 "xem": {
  "status": "free-files",
  "sheet_free": true,
  "mesh_price_usd": null,
  "step_price_usd": null,
  "tolerance_mm": null
 },
 "related": [
  "butt-weld-elbows-long-radius",
  "butt-weld-elbows-short-radius",
  "butt-weld-return-bends-180",
  "butt-weld-equal-tees",
  "butt-weld-reducers",
  "schedule-40-pipe"
 ],
 "fits": [],
 "dimensions": "exact (nominal, no tolerance added)",
 "dimension_rule": "All geometry on Xem Studio is exact (nominal, true size) with no tolerance added. Where a part meets another part, the object lists its mating features (feature, exact size, what it mates with, fit class: press, slide, run, socket, clamp or designed). Apply your process's allowance to those features only; 'designed' gaps are part of the design and stay as drawn. Typical accuracy by process and ISO 286 fits: https://xemstudio.com/tolerances/",
 "mating": [
  {
   "feature": "weld ends",
   "exact": "OD = pipe OD (Ø33.40 / Ø60.33 / Ø114.30 at NPS 1 / 2 / 4), wall = Sch 40 (3.38 / 3.91 / 6.02)",
   "mates": "Schedule 40 pipe of the same NPS, butt-welded (schedule-40-pipe)",
   "fit": "designed",
   "files": "bw-elbow-90-3d"
  },
  {
   "feature": "centre-to-end A",
   "exact": "76.2 / 152.4 / 304.8 (= 3 × NPS in)",
   "mates": "pipe run set-back to the next fitting or flange face",
   "fit": "designed",
   "files": "bw-elbow-90-3d"
  }
 ],
 "fit_classes": {
  "press": "stays put: pin, tube, bearing or magnet held by interference. ISO 286 equivalent: H7/p6 (locational interference) or tighter.",
  "slide": "assembles by hand and is held by a grub, pinch or clamp: shaft in a hub, rod in a socket, spigot in a bore. ISO 286 equivalent: H7/g6 or H7/h6.",
  "run": "turns or slides in use: pin in a link, rod through a guide. ISO 286 equivalent: H8/f7 (close running).",
  "socket": "large sliding fit: syringe barrel, sleeve, bobbin in a bore. ISO 286 equivalent: H9/d9 (free running) or looser.",
  "clamp": "split part that closes on the mating part with screws: make it at size.",
  "designed": "a gap that is part of the design (piston fit option, displacer gap, air gap): do not change."
 },
 "faq": [
  {
   "q": "What is the centre-to-end of a 2 inch 3D elbow?",
   "a": "152 mm (6.00 in) for the 90°, and 63 mm for the 45° (Wermac)."
  },
  {
   "q": "What is a 3D elbow?",
   "a": "An elbow with a bend radius of 3 × the nominal pipe size (3R), gentler than a 1.5D long-radius elbow; centre-to-end of a 90° equals the bend radius."
  }
 ],
 "files_license": null,
 "offers": [
  {
   "file": "bw-elbow-90-3d-nps1-sch40",
   "formats": [
    "step",
    "stl"
   ],
   "price_usd": 0,
   "license": "CC BY 4.0 (Xem Studio)",
   "step": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/butt-weld-elbows-3d/bw-elbow-90-3d-nps1-sch40.step",
   "stl": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/butt-weld-elbows-3d/bw-elbow-90-3d-nps1-sch40.stl",
   "note": "NPS 1 Sch 40 3D (3R) 90° elbow: OD 33.40 × 3.38 wall, bend radius = centre-to-end 76.2 mm; ends square"
  },
  {
   "file": "bw-elbow-90-3d-nps2-sch40",
   "formats": [
    "step",
    "stl"
   ],
   "price_usd": 0,
   "license": "CC BY 4.0 (Xem Studio)",
   "step": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/butt-weld-elbows-3d/bw-elbow-90-3d-nps2-sch40.step",
   "stl": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/butt-weld-elbows-3d/bw-elbow-90-3d-nps2-sch40.stl",
   "note": "NPS 2 Sch 40 3D (3R) 90° elbow: OD 60.32 × 3.91 wall, bend radius = centre-to-end 152.4 mm; ends square"
  },
  {
   "file": "bw-elbow-90-3d-nps4-sch40",
   "formats": [
    "step",
    "stl"
   ],
   "price_usd": 0,
   "license": "CC BY 4.0 (Xem Studio)",
   "step": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/butt-weld-elbows-3d/bw-elbow-90-3d-nps4-sch40.step",
   "stl": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/butt-weld-elbows-3d/bw-elbow-90-3d-nps4-sch40.stl",
   "note": "NPS 4 Sch 40 3D (3R) 90° elbow: OD 114.30 × 6.02 wall, bend radius = centre-to-end 304.8 mm; ends square"
  }
 ],
 "markdown": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/butt-weld-elbows-3d/index.md"
}