{
 "version": "2026-10-20",
 "license": "Dimension sheets are written by Xem Studio from the cited sources and are free to use (CC BY 4.0, attribute 'Xem Studio'). Linked files belong to their publishers under the license shown; Xem Studio does not host them. 'license_verified: false' means the license shown is from memory or the publisher's page as last read and should be confirmed at the link before commercial use.",
 "slug": "copper-pipe-type-l-m",
 "name": "Copper pipe (ASTM B88 Type L and M), 1/4 to 2 inch",
 "kind": "hardware",
 "category": "Hardware",
 "group": "Stirling & thermoacoustic",
 "year": null,
 "question": "What is the outside diameter of 1/2 inch and 3/4 inch copper pipe?",
 "tags": [
  "pipe",
  "copper",
  "tube",
  "heat exchanger",
  "plumbing",
  "stirling",
  "long earth society"
 ],
 "aliases": [
  "copper pipe od",
  "3/4 copper pipe outside diameter",
  "1/2 copper pipe od mm",
  "type l copper dimensions",
  "type m copper wall",
  "copper tube sizes"
 ],
 "overall_mm": {
  "length": null,
  "width": null,
  "height": null
 },
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 "sheet_txt": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/copper-pipe-type-l-m/sheet.txt",
 "sheet": {
  "basis": "ASTM B88: OD = nominal + 1/8 in for all types; Type L and Type M wall thicknesses",
  "overall_mm": {
   "length": null,
   "width": null,
   "height": null
  },
  "notes": [
   "OD is nominal + 1/8 in: 1/2 in pipe is 15.88 mm (0.625 in), 3/4 in is 22.22 mm, 1 in is 28.58 mm. Fittings grip the OD; a printed adapter that slips over the pipe uses OD + 0.3 mm.",
   "Type L (blue) wall: 1/2 1.02, 3/4 1.14, 1 1.27 mm. Type M (red) is thinner: 0.71, 0.81, 0.89 mm. Type K (green) is thicker still and rarer.",
   "Why it's here: copper's conductivity makes 3/4 and 1 in Type L tube the hot and cold heat-exchanger walls on the LES Stirling heads; 1/4 and 3/8 are regenerator and transfer tubes."
  ],
  "table": {
   "columns": [
    "nominal_in",
    "od_mm",
    "type_l_wall_mm",
    "type_l_id_mm",
    "type_m_wall_mm",
    "type_m_id_mm"
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     "1/4",
     9.53,
     0.76,
     8.01,
     0.64,
     8.25
    ],
    [
     "3/8",
     12.7,
     0.89,
     10.92,
     0.64,
     11.42
    ],
    [
     "1/2",
     15.88,
     1.02,
     13.84,
     0.71,
     14.46
    ],
    [
     "3/4",
     22.22,
     1.14,
     19.94,
     0.81,
     20.6
    ],
    [
     "1",
     28.58,
     1.27,
     26.04,
     0.89,
     26.8
    ],
    [
     "1-1/4",
     34.93,
     1.65,
     31.63,
     1.07,
     32.79
    ],
    [
     "1-1/2",
     41.28,
     1.52,
     38.24,
     1.24,
     38.8
    ],
    [
     "2",
     53.98,
     1.78,
     50.42,
     1.47,
     51.04
    ]
   ]
  }
 },
 "sheet_text": "Copper pipe (ASTM B88 Type L and M), 1/4 to 2 inch — dimension sheet\nSource: Xem Studio, https://xemstudio.com/objects/copper-pipe-type-l-m/  (CC BY 4.0)\nBasis: ASTM B88: OD = nominal + 1/8 in for all types; Type L and Type M wall thicknesses\nCatalog version: 2026-10-20\n\nSizes: see table below\n- OD is nominal + 1/8 in: 1/2 in pipe is 15.88 mm (0.625 in), 3/4 in is 22.22 mm, 1 in is 28.58 mm. Fittings grip the OD; a printed adapter that slips over the pipe uses OD + 0.3 mm.\n- Type L (blue) wall: 1/2 1.02, 3/4 1.14, 1 1.27 mm. Type M (red) is thinner: 0.71, 0.81, 0.89 mm. Type K (green) is thicker still and rarer.\n- Why it's here: copper's conductivity makes 3/4 and 1 in Type L tube the hot and cold heat-exchanger walls on the LES Stirling heads; 1/4 and 3/8 are regenerator and transfer tubes.\n\nnominal_in  od_mm  type_l_wall_mm  type_l_id_mm  type_m_wall_mm  type_m_id_mm\n1/4  9.53  0.76  8.01  0.64  8.25\n3/8  12.7  0.89  10.92  0.64  11.42\n1/2  15.88  1.02  13.84  0.71  14.46\n3/4  22.22  1.14  19.94  0.81  20.6\n1  28.58  1.27  26.04  0.89  26.8\n1-1/4  34.93  1.65  31.63  1.07  32.79\n1-1/2  41.28  1.52  38.24  1.24  38.8\n2  53.98  1.78  50.42  1.47  51.04\n\nFiles elsewhere (not hosted by Xem Studio; license as stated by the publisher):\n- Wikipedia: Copper tubing — web — CC BY-SA 4.0 (text) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_tubing\n- Copper Development Association: Copper Tube Handbook (dimensions table) — PDF — CDA publication [verify license at link] — https://www.copper.org/publications/pub_list/pdf/copper_tube_handbook.pdf\n- Long Earth Society: Engine builds that use these parts (videos and write-ups) — web, video — LES site — https://longearthsociety.com/engineering/\n\nFree files (CC BY 4.0, Xem Studio; STEP + STL, 8 parts): https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/copper-pipe-type-l-m/index.json\nAPI: https://xemstudio.com/api/geometry?object=copper-pipe-type-l-m\n",
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   "publisher": "Wikipedia",
   "title": "Copper tubing",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_tubing",
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    "web"
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   "title": "Copper Tube Handbook (dimensions table)",
   "url": "https://www.copper.org/publications/pub_list/pdf/copper_tube_handbook.pdf",
   "formats": [
    "PDF"
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   "publisher": "Long Earth Society",
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   "url": "https://longearthsociety.com/engineering/",
   "formats": [
    "web",
    "video"
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 "related": [
  "schedule-40-pipe",
  "tri-clamp-ferrule",
  "brass-tube-ks",
  "o-rings-metric",
  "npt-bsp-thread-envelopes"
 ],
 "faq": [
  {
   "q": "What is the OD of 3/4 inch copper pipe?",
   "a": "22.22 mm (0.875 in). 1/2 in is 15.88 mm, 1 in is 28.58 mm: always nominal + 1/8 in."
  },
  {
   "q": "What is the difference between Type L and Type M copper?",
   "a": "Wall thickness only: 1/2 in Type L is 1.02 mm, Type M 0.71 mm; same OD, same fittings."
  },
  {
   "q": "What size hole for 1/2 inch copper pipe to pass through?",
   "a": "16.2 mm (OD 15.88 + 0.3) for a slip fit; 16.5 mm if the pipe is painted or the print is rough."
  }
 ],
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