{
 "version": "2026-10-20",
 "license": "Dimension sheets: CC BY 4.0. Standard and published-size files: CC BY 4.0. Xem Studio's own designs (files_license = Xem Studio Design License): free to use and sell things from, not to redistribute as files — https://xemstudio.com/license/. Other publishers' files: their own license, linked beside them.",
 "slug": "mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism",
 "name": "Mangle wheel and pinion: continuous rotation to reciprocating rotation",
 "kind": "hardware",
 "category": "Mechanisms",
 "group": "Intermittent motion",
 "year": null,
 "question": "How does a mangle wheel reverse itself?",
 "tags": [
  "mechanism",
  "intermittent motion",
  "kinematics",
  "507 mechanical movements"
 ],
 "aliases": [
  "mangle wheel",
  "mangle gear",
  "reversing pin wheel",
  "oscillating gear",
  "rueda de mangle y piñón",
  "Mangelrad und Ritzel"
 ],
 "overall_mm": {
  "length": null,
  "width": null,
  "height": null
 },
 "official_cad": false,
 "xem_status": "free-files",
 "les": false,
 "free_files": 1,
 "url": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism/",
 "sheet_txt": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism/sheet.txt",
 "sheet": {
  "basis": "Xem Studio design following Brown No. 36 (1868)",
  "overall_mm": {
   "length": null,
   "width": null,
   "height": null
  },
  "notes": [
   "A pinion turning always the same way drives a wheel whose pins stand in a circle with a gap. Running outside the pins it turns the wheel one way; at the gap it slides round the end pin (its shaft moves in a radial slot) and runs inside the pins, turning the wheel back: continuous rotation becomes back-and-forth rotation.",
   "Here 27 pins on a 40 mm radius (30-position pitch, gap of 3) and a 9-tooth pinion of 12 mm pitch radius: centres 52 mm apart outside, 28 mm inside, so the wheel turns 0.3 × pinion speed — the same both ways because one pin circle serves both sides. Drawn running outside.",
   "Brown's No. 36 (mangle wheel and pinion, with the pinion shaft vibrating in a slot).",
   "Parts (each has its own page): mangle-pin-wheel-r40-27-pins, mangle-pinion-9t-for-pins-r40, mangle-slot-bar-r28-52, dowel-pins-metric, linear-shafts-h6.",
   "Brown's movement No. 36 (1868) shows it; this model is a Xem Studio design following his figure, every part at true size."
  ],
  "table": {
   "columns": [
    "parameter",
    "value"
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     "pins",
     "27 × Ø4 on R40"
    ],
    [
     "pinion",
     "9 T, pitch R12"
    ],
    [
     "centres",
     "52 (outside) / 28 (inside) mm"
    ],
    [
     "wheel swing",
     "≈ 300° each way"
    ]
   ]
  }
 },
 "sheet_text": "Mangle wheel and pinion: continuous rotation to reciprocating rotation — dimension sheet\nSource: Xem Studio, https://xemstudio.com/objects/mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism/  (sheet CC BY 4.0; files Xem Studio Design License, https://xemstudio.com/license/)\nBasis: Xem Studio design following Brown No. 36 (1868)\nCatalog version: 2026-10-20\n\nSizes: see table below\n- A pinion turning always the same way drives a wheel whose pins stand in a circle with a gap. Running outside the pins it turns the wheel one way; at the gap it slides round the end pin (its shaft moves in a radial slot) and runs inside the pins, turning the wheel back: continuous rotation becomes back-and-forth rotation.\n- Here 27 pins on a 40 mm radius (30-position pitch, gap of 3) and a 9-tooth pinion of 12 mm pitch radius: centres 52 mm apart outside, 28 mm inside, so the wheel turns 0.3 × pinion speed — the same both ways because one pin circle serves both sides. Drawn running outside.\n- Brown's No. 36 (mangle wheel and pinion, with the pinion shaft vibrating in a slot).\n- Parts (each has its own page): mangle-pin-wheel-r40-27-pins, mangle-pinion-9t-for-pins-r40, mangle-slot-bar-r28-52, dowel-pins-metric, linear-shafts-h6.\n- Brown's movement No. 36 (1868) shows it; this model is a Xem Studio design following his figure, every part at true size.\n\nparameter  value\npins  27 × Ø4 on R40\npinion  9 T, pitch R12\ncentres  52 (outside) / 28 (inside) mm\nwheel swing  ≈ 300° each way\n\nFiles elsewhere (not hosted by Xem Studio; license as stated by the publisher):\n- Henry T. Brown (1868, public domain): Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements — scan on archive.org — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://archive.org/details/fivehundredseven00browiala\n- 507movements.com: Brown's movement No. 36: figure, his text and an animation — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://507movements.com/mm_036.html\n\nFree files (Xem Studio Design License, Xem Studio; STEP + STL, 1 parts): https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism/index.json\nAPI: https://xemstudio.com/api/geometry?object=mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism\n",
 "sources": [
  {
   "publisher": "Henry T. Brown (1868, public domain)",
   "title": "Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements — scan on archive.org",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/fivehundredseven00browiala",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "507movements.com",
   "title": "Brown's movement No. 36: figure, his text and an animation",
   "url": "https://507movements.com/mm_036.html",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  }
 ],
 "xem": {
  "status": "free-files",
  "sheet_free": true,
  "mesh_price_usd": null,
  "step_price_usd": null,
  "tolerance_mm": null
 },
 "related": [
  "mangle-pin-wheel-r40-27-pins",
  "mangle-pinion-9t-for-pins-r40",
  "mangle-slot-bar-r28-52",
  "dowel-pins-metric",
  "linear-shafts-h6"
 ],
 "fits": [],
 "dimensions": "exact (nominal, no printing tolerance)",
 "dimension_rule": "All geometry on Xem Studio is exact (nominal, true size) with no printing tolerance. Where a part meets another part, the object lists its mating features (feature, exact size, what it mates with, fit class: press, slide, run, socket, clamp or designed). Apply your process's allowance to those features only; 'designed' gaps are part of the design and stay as drawn.",
 "mating": [],
 "faq": [
  {
   "q": "How does a mangle wheel reverse itself?",
   "a": "A pinion turning always the same way drives a wheel whose pins stand in a circle with a gap. Running outside the pins it turns the wheel one way; at the gap it slides round the end pin (its shaft moves in a radial slot) and runs inside the pins, turning the wheel back: continuous rotation becomes back-and-forth rotation."
  }
 ],
 "files_license": {
  "name": "Xem Studio Design License",
  "holder": "Xem Studio",
  "url": "https://xemstudio.com/license/",
  "note": "Xem Studio's own design: free to use, print, modify and sell things made from it; not to be republished or redistributed as files."
 },
 "offers": [
  {
   "file": "mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism-assembly",
   "formats": [
    "step",
    "stl"
   ],
   "price_usd": 0,
   "license": "Xem Studio Design License",
   "step": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism/mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism-assembly.step",
   "stl": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism/mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism-assembly.stl",
   "note": "Assembled mechanism, all parts placed at one pose (STEP keeps each part separate)"
  }
 ],
 "markdown": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/mangle-wheel-and-pinion-mechanism/index.md"
}