{
 "version": "2026-10-20",
 "license": "Dimension sheets: CC BY 4.0. Standard and published-size files: CC BY 4.0. Xem Studio's own designs (files_license = Xem Studio Design License): free to use and sell things from, not to redistribute as files — https://xemstudio.com/license/. Other publishers' files: their own license, linked beside them.",
 "slug": "naca-0012-airfoil",
 "name": "NACA 0012 airfoil",
 "kind": "standard",
 "category": "Airfoils",
 "group": "NACA 4-digit",
 "year": null,
 "question": "What is the exact shape of the NACA 0012 airfoil, and what do the digits mean?",
 "tags": [
  "airfoil",
  "naca",
  "wing section",
  "rc plane",
  "aerodynamics",
  "symmetric airfoil"
 ],
 "aliases": [
  "NACA 0012",
  "NACA 0012 airfoil",
  "NACA 0012 coordinates",
  "NACA 0012 dat",
  "NACA 0012 profile",
  "NACA 0012 DXF",
  "NACA 0012 STEP",
  "NACA 0012 STL",
  "perfil NACA 0012",
  "Profil NACA 0012",
  "naca0012",
  "NACA 0012 wing section",
  "symmetric airfoil 12%",
  "aerobatic airfoil"
 ],
 "overall_mm": {
  "length": 100,
  "width": 20,
  "height": 12
 },
 "official_cad": false,
 "xem_status": "free-files",
 "les": false,
 "free_files": 1,
 "url": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/naca-0012-airfoil/",
 "sheet_txt": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/naca-0012-airfoil/sheet.txt",
 "sheet": {
  "basis": "Computed from the NACA equations (Report 460 / Report 610, restated in NASA TM-4741)",
  "overall_mm": {
   "length": 100,
   "width": 20,
   "height": 12
  },
  "notes": [
   "NACA 0012 is the classic 12% symmetric section. NACA data show zero lift at zero angle and a quarter-chord moment essentially zero from -12 to +14 deg, confirming c.p. and a.c. coincide (Virginia Tech Appendix A).",
   "CLmax at Re 6e6 is just under 1.6, rising to 2.4 with a 20% chord plain flap at 40 deg (Virginia Tech, from Abbott & von Doenhoff).",
   "NACA 4-digit sections have good stall behaviour, small centre-of-pressure movement and low roughness sensitivity, but a low CLmax, relatively high drag and high pitching moment (Aerospaceweb summary).",
   "NACA 0012: symmetric, 12 % thick.",
   "NACA 4-digit: first digit = maximum camber in % of chord, second = its position in tenths of chord, last two = maximum thickness in % of chord (NACA Report 460).",
   "Ordinates are in % of chord from the leading edge, computed from the published equations with the closed-trailing-edge thickness coefficient (−0.1036, as in NASA TM-4741). The original reports use an open trailing edge (−0.1015); the difference is under 0.03 % of chord near the trailing edge.",
   "The file is a 100 mm chord section, 20 mm deep: scale it uniformly to your chord, or import the STEP and sweep or loft it into a wing. Thickness scales with chord; the shape is the same at any size.",
   "Max thickness: 12% chord (from designation) (NASA TM-4741)",
   "Camber: 0 (symmetric) (NASA TM-4741)",
   "Zero-lift angle: 0 deg (symmetric section) (Virginia Tech Appendix A)",
   "Moment about a.c.: zero (symmetric; c.p. = a.c.) (Virginia Tech Appendix A)",
   "CLmax (Re 6e6, smooth): just under 1.6 (Virginia Tech Appendix A)",
   "CLmax with 20% flap at 40 deg: 2.4 (Virginia Tech Appendix A)",
   "Cm c/4 flat range: about -12 to +14 deg (Virginia Tech Appendix A)",
   "4-digit code: 1st digit max camber %c; 2nd digit camber position in tenths c; last two thickness %c (NASA TM-4741; Aerospaceweb)",
   "Thickness equation (t/c = 0.20 basis): y/c = 0.2969 sqrt(x) - 0.1260 x - 0.3516 x^2 + 0.2843 x^3 - 0.1015 x^4, scaled by (t/c)/0.20 (NASA TM-4741)"
  ],
  "table": {
   "columns": [
    "x (% chord)",
    "upper x",
    "upper y",
    "lower x",
    "lower y"
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     "0",
     "0.000",
     "0.000",
     "0.000",
     "0.000"
    ],
    [
     "1.25",
     "1.250",
     "1.894",
     "1.250",
     "-1.894"
    ],
    [
     "2.5",
     "2.500",
     "2.615",
     "2.500",
     "-2.615"
    ],
    [
     "5",
     "5.000",
     "3.555",
     "5.000",
     "-3.555"
    ],
    [
     "7.5",
     "7.500",
     "4.200",
     "7.500",
     "-4.200"
    ],
    [
     "10",
     "10.000",
     "4.683",
     "10.000",
     "-4.683"
    ],
    [
     "15",
     "15.000",
     "5.345",
     "15.000",
     "-5.345"
    ],
    [
     "20",
     "20.000",
     "5.737",
     "20.000",
     "-5.737"
    ],
    [
     "25",
     "25.000",
     "5.941",
     "25.000",
     "-5.941"
    ],
    [
     "30",
     "30.000",
     "6.001",
     "30.000",
     "-6.001"
    ],
    [
     "40",
     "40.000",
     "5.800",
     "40.000",
     "-5.800"
    ],
    [
     "50",
     "50.000",
     "5.286",
     "50.000",
     "-5.286"
    ],
    [
     "60",
     "60.000",
     "4.547",
     "60.000",
     "-4.547"
    ],
    [
     "70",
     "70.000",
     "3.634",
     "70.000",
     "-3.634"
    ],
    [
     "80",
     "80.000",
     "2.572",
     "80.000",
     "-2.572"
    ],
    [
     "90",
     "90.000",
     "1.365",
     "90.000",
     "-1.365"
    ],
    [
     "95",
     "95.000",
     "0.704",
     "95.000",
     "-0.704"
    ],
    [
     "100",
     "100.000",
     "-0.000",
     "100.000",
     "0.000"
    ]
   ]
  }
 },
 "sheet_text": "NACA 0012 airfoil — dimension sheet\nSource: Xem Studio, https://xemstudio.com/objects/naca-0012-airfoil/  (sheet CC BY 4.0; files Xem Studio Design License, https://xemstudio.com/license/)\nBasis: Computed from the NACA equations (Report 460 / Report 610, restated in NASA TM-4741)\nCatalog version: 2026-10-20\n\nOverall (mm): length 100.0, width 20.0, height 12.0\n- NACA 0012 is the classic 12% symmetric section. NACA data show zero lift at zero angle and a quarter-chord moment essentially zero from -12 to +14 deg, confirming c.p. and a.c. coincide (Virginia Tech Appendix A).\n- CLmax at Re 6e6 is just under 1.6, rising to 2.4 with a 20% chord plain flap at 40 deg (Virginia Tech, from Abbott & von Doenhoff).\n- NACA 4-digit sections have good stall behaviour, small centre-of-pressure movement and low roughness sensitivity, but a low CLmax, relatively high drag and high pitching moment (Aerospaceweb summary).\n- NACA 0012: symmetric, 12 % thick.\n- NACA 4-digit: first digit = maximum camber in % of chord, second = its position in tenths of chord, last two = maximum thickness in % of chord (NACA Report 460).\n- Ordinates are in % of chord from the leading edge, computed from the published equations with the closed-trailing-edge thickness coefficient (−0.1036, as in NASA TM-4741). The original reports use an open trailing edge (−0.1015); the difference is under 0.03 % of chord near the trailing edge.\n- The file is a 100 mm chord section, 20 mm deep: scale it uniformly to your chord, or import the STEP and sweep or loft it into a wing. Thickness scales with chord; the shape is the same at any size.\n- Max thickness: 12% chord (from designation) (NASA TM-4741)\n- Camber: 0 (symmetric) (NASA TM-4741)\n- Zero-lift angle: 0 deg (symmetric section) (Virginia Tech Appendix A)\n- Moment about a.c.: zero (symmetric; c.p. = a.c.) (Virginia Tech Appendix A)\n- CLmax (Re 6e6, smooth): just under 1.6 (Virginia Tech Appendix A)\n- CLmax with 20% flap at 40 deg: 2.4 (Virginia Tech Appendix A)\n- Cm c/4 flat range: about -12 to +14 deg (Virginia Tech Appendix A)\n- 4-digit code: 1st digit max camber %c; 2nd digit camber position in tenths c; last two thickness %c (NASA TM-4741; Aerospaceweb)\n- Thickness equation (t/c = 0.20 basis): y/c = 0.2969 sqrt(x) - 0.1260 x - 0.3516 x^2 + 0.2843 x^3 - 0.1015 x^4, scaled by (t/c)/0.20 (NASA TM-4741)\n\nx (% chord)  upper x  upper y  lower x  lower y\n0  0.000  0.000  0.000  0.000\n1.25  1.250  1.894  1.250  -1.894\n2.5  2.500  2.615  2.500  -2.615\n5  5.000  3.555  5.000  -3.555\n7.5  7.500  4.200  7.500  -4.200\n10  10.000  4.683  10.000  -4.683\n15  15.000  5.345  15.000  -5.345\n20  20.000  5.737  20.000  -5.737\n25  25.000  5.941  25.000  -5.941\n30  30.000  6.001  30.000  -6.001\n40  40.000  5.800  40.000  -5.800\n50  50.000  5.286  50.000  -5.286\n60  60.000  4.547  60.000  -4.547\n70  70.000  3.634  70.000  -3.634\n80  80.000  2.572  80.000  -2.572\n90  90.000  1.365  90.000  -1.365\n95  95.000  0.704  95.000  -0.704\n100  100.000  -0.000  100.000  0.000\n\nFiles elsewhere (not hosted by Xem Studio; license as stated by the publisher):\n- NACA (NASA Technical Reports Server): Report 460: The characteristics of 78 related airfoil sections from tests in the variable-density wind tunnel (Jacobs, Ward, Pinkerton, 1933) — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930091108\n- NASA: TM-4741: Computer program to obtain ordinates for NACA airfoils (Ladson, Brooks, Hill, Sproles, 1996) — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://www.pdas.com/refs/tm4741.pdf\n- Virginia Tech Pressbooks (data from Abbott & von Doenhoff, NACA): Appendix A: Airfoil Data — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/aerodynamics/?p=52\n- NASA Langley (Ladson et al.), NASA TM-4741: Computer Program to Obtain Ordinates for NACA Airfoils — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://www.pdas.com/refs/tm4741.pdf\n- Aerospaceweb.org: NACA Airfoil Series — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://aerospaceweb.org/question/airfoils/q0041.shtml\n\nFree files (Xem Studio Design License, Xem Studio; STEP + STL, 1 parts): https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/naca-0012-airfoil/index.json\nAPI: https://xemstudio.com/api/geometry?object=naca-0012-airfoil\n",
 "sources": [
  {
   "publisher": "NACA (NASA Technical Reports Server)",
   "title": "Report 460: The characteristics of 78 related airfoil sections from tests in the variable-density wind tunnel (Jacobs, Ward, Pinkerton, 1933)",
   "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930091108",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "NASA",
   "title": "TM-4741: Computer program to obtain ordinates for NACA airfoils (Ladson, Brooks, Hill, Sproles, 1996)",
   "url": "https://www.pdas.com/refs/tm4741.pdf",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "Virginia Tech Pressbooks (data from Abbott & von Doenhoff, NACA)",
   "title": "Appendix A: Airfoil Data",
   "url": "https://pressbooks.lib.vt.edu/aerodynamics/?p=52",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "NASA Langley (Ladson et al.), NASA TM-4741",
   "title": "Computer Program to Obtain Ordinates for NACA Airfoils",
   "url": "https://www.pdas.com/refs/tm4741.pdf",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "Aerospaceweb.org",
   "title": "NACA Airfoil Series",
   "url": "https://aerospaceweb.org/question/airfoils/q0041.shtml",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  }
 ],
 "xem": {
  "status": "free-files",
  "sheet_free": true,
  "mesh_price_usd": null,
  "step_price_usd": null,
  "tolerance_mm": null
 },
 "related": [
  "naca-0006-airfoil",
  "naca-0008-airfoil",
  "naca-0009-airfoil",
  "naca-0010-airfoil",
  "naca-0015-airfoil",
  "naca-0018-airfoil"
 ],
 "fits": [],
 "dimensions": "exact (nominal, no printing tolerance)",
 "dimension_rule": "All geometry on Xem Studio is exact (nominal, true size) with no printing tolerance. Where a part meets another part, the object lists its mating features (feature, exact size, what it mates with, fit class: press, slide, run, socket, clamp or designed). Apply your process's allowance to those features only; 'designed' gaps are part of the design and stay as drawn.",
 "mating": [],
 "faq": [
  {
   "q": "What is the NACA 0012 stall CL?",
   "a": "Just under 1.6 at Re 6 million (Virginia Tech Appendix A); model Reynolds numbers give less."
  },
  {
   "q": "How thick is the NACA 0012?",
   "a": "Maximum thickness 12.00 % of chord at 29.9 % chord: 12.00 mm on a 100 mm chord."
  },
  {
   "q": "Where is the NACA 0012's camber?",
   "a": "None: it is symmetric (upper and lower surfaces mirror)."
  },
  {
   "q": "How do I use it for my wing?",
   "a": "Scale the 100 mm section to your chord (e.g. 180 mm chord = 180 % scale), then extrude or loft between root and tip sections. For a tapered wing, scale a root and a tip copy and loft between them."
  }
 ],
 "files_license": {
  "name": "Xem Studio Design License",
  "holder": "Xem Studio",
  "url": "https://xemstudio.com/license/",
  "note": "Xem Studio's own design: free to use, print, modify and sell things made from it; not to be republished or redistributed as files."
 },
 "offers": [
  {
   "file": "naca-0012-airfoil-section-100mm-chord",
   "formats": [
    "step",
    "stl"
   ],
   "price_usd": 0,
   "license": "Xem Studio Design License",
   "step": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/naca-0012-airfoil/naca-0012-airfoil-section-100mm-chord.step",
   "stl": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/naca-0012-airfoil/naca-0012-airfoil-section-100mm-chord.stl",
   "note": "NACA 0012 section, 100 mm chord × 20 mm span, closed trailing edge, 160 points from the equations (scale to your chord)"
  }
 ],
 "markdown": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/naca-0012-airfoil/index.md"
}