{
 "version": "2026-10-20",
 "license": "Dimension sheets are written by Xem Studio from the cited sources and are free to use (CC BY 4.0, attribute 'Xem Studio'). Linked files belong to their publishers under the license shown; Xem Studio does not host them. 'license_verified: false' means the license shown is from memory or the publisher's page as last read and should be confirmed at the link before commercial use.",
 "slug": "pantograph-linkage",
 "name": "Pantograph linkage (2:1 copier)",
 "kind": "hardware",
 "category": "Mechanisms",
 "group": "Linkages",
 "year": null,
 "question": "How does a pantograph scale a drawing?",
 "tags": [
  "mechanism",
  "linkages",
  "kinematics"
 ],
 "aliases": [
  "pantograph",
  "pantograph mechanism",
  "pantograph linkage 3d print"
 ],
 "overall_mm": {
  "length": null,
  "width": null,
  "height": null
 },
 "official_cad": false,
 "xem_status": "free-files",
 "les": false,
 "free_files": 1,
 "url": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/pantograph-linkage/",
 "sheet_txt": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/pantograph-linkage/sheet.txt",
 "sheet": {
  "basis": "Xem Studio drawing; classic mechanism (Brown No. 246)",
  "overall_mm": {
   "length": null,
   "width": null,
   "height": null
  },
  "notes": [
   "Four bars pinned as a parallelogram with the fixed pivot, tracer and pen on one straight line: pen travel = tracer travel × k (k = 2 here).",
   "Moving the pivots along the arms changes k; swapping tracer and pen reduces instead of enlarges. The line pivot–tracer–pen must stay straight for the copy to be true.",
   "Also used in scissor lifts, sewing-machine and engraving copiers.",
   "Parts (each has its own page): pantograph-arms-200-100, pins-3mm. Brown's movement No. 246 shows it (1868)."
  ],
  "table": {
   "columns": [
    "parameter",
    "value"
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     "scale k",
     "2 : 1"
    ],
    [
     "arms",
     "200 / 100 mm"
    ],
    [
     "pins",
     "Ø3"
    ]
   ]
  }
 },
 "sheet_text": "Pantograph linkage (2:1 copier) — dimension sheet\nSource: Xem Studio, https://xemstudio.com/objects/pantograph-linkage/  (CC BY 4.0)\nBasis: Xem Studio drawing; classic mechanism (Brown No. 246)\nCatalog version: 2026-10-20\n\nSizes: see table below\n- Four bars pinned as a parallelogram with the fixed pivot, tracer and pen on one straight line: pen travel = tracer travel × k (k = 2 here).\n- Moving the pivots along the arms changes k; swapping tracer and pen reduces instead of enlarges. The line pivot–tracer–pen must stay straight for the copy to be true.\n- Also used in scissor lifts, sewing-machine and engraving copiers.\n- Parts (each has its own page): pantograph-arms-200-100, pins-3mm. Brown's movement No. 246 shows it (1868).\n\nparameter  value\nscale k  2 : 1\narms  200 / 100 mm\npins  Ø3\n\nFiles elsewhere (not hosted by Xem Studio; license as stated by the publisher):\n- Henry T. Brown (1868, public domain): Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements — scan on archive.org — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://archive.org/details/fivehundredseven00browiala\n\nFree files (CC BY 4.0, Xem Studio; STEP + STL, 1 parts): https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/pantograph-linkage/index.json\nAPI: https://xemstudio.com/api/geometry?object=pantograph-linkage\n",
 "sources": [
  {
   "publisher": "Henry T. Brown (1868, public domain)",
   "title": "Five Hundred and Seven Mechanical Movements — scan on archive.org",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/fivehundredseven00browiala",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "Publisher's page; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  }
 ],
 "xem": {
  "status": "free-files",
  "sheet_free": true,
  "mesh_price_usd": null,
  "step_price_usd": null,
  "tolerance_mm": null
 },
 "related": [
  "pantograph-arms-200-100",
  "pins-3mm"
 ],
 "fits": [],
 "dimensions": "exact (nominal, no printing tolerance)",
 "dimension_rule": "All geometry on Xem Studio is exact (nominal, true size) with no printing tolerance. Where a part meets another part, the object lists its mating features (feature, exact size, what it mates with, fit class: press, slide, run, socket, clamp or designed). Apply your process's allowance to those features only; 'designed' gaps are part of the design and stay as drawn.",
 "mating": [],
 "faq": [
  {
   "q": "How does a pantograph scale a drawing?",
   "a": "Four bars pinned as a parallelogram with the fixed pivot, tracer and pen on one straight line: pen travel = tracer travel × k (k = 2 here)."
  }
 ],
 "files_license": null,
 "offers": [
  {
   "file": "pantograph-linkage-assembly",
   "formats": [
    "step",
    "stl"
   ],
   "price_usd": 0,
   "license": "CC BY 4.0 (Xem Studio)",
   "step": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/pantograph-linkage/pantograph-linkage-assembly.step",
   "stl": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/pantograph-linkage/pantograph-linkage-assembly.stl",
   "note": "Assembled mechanism, all parts placed (STEP keeps each part separate)"
  }
 ],
 "markdown": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/pantograph-linkage/index.md"
}