{
 "version": "2026-10-20",
 "license": "Dimension sheets are written by Xem Studio from the cited sources and are free to use (CC BY 4.0, attribute 'Xem Studio'). Linked files belong to their publishers under the license shown; Xem Studio does not host them. 'license_verified: false' means the license shown is from memory or the publisher's page as last read and should be confirmed at the link before commercial use.",
 "slug": "rolling-diaphragm-top-hat",
 "name": "Top-hat rolling diaphragm, 1.50 in bore, flat flange: the one that clamps in a 2 in tri-clamp joint",
 "kind": "standard",
 "category": "Hardware",
 "group": "Stirling & thermoacoustic",
 "year": null,
 "question": "What size rolling diaphragm fits a 2 inch tri-clamp?",
 "tags": [
  "rolling diaphragm",
  "diaphragm",
  "power piston",
  "seal",
  "bought part",
  "tri-clamp",
  "stirling",
  "long earth society"
 ],
 "aliases": [
  "rolling diaphragm tri clamp",
  "rolling diaphragm stirling engine",
  "top hat diaphragm 1.5 inch",
  "rolling diaphragm size chart",
  "frictionless piston seal",
  "rolling diaphragm dimensions"
 ],
 "overall_mm": {
  "length": null,
  "width": null,
  "height": null
 },
 "official_cad": false,
 "xem_status": "free-files",
 "les": true,
 "free_files": 1,
 "url": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/rolling-diaphragm-top-hat/",
 "sheet_txt": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/rolling-diaphragm-top-hat/sheet.txt",
 "sheet": {
  "basis": "Published standard sizes and design rules of top-hat rolling diaphragms (Marsh Bellofram design manual 2022); installed shape drawn by Xem Studio from those numbers",
  "overall_mm": {
   "length": null,
   "width": null,
   "height": null
  },
  "notes": [
   "A rolling diaphragm is a fabric-reinforced top hat. Its flange is clamped, its head is clamped to a piston, and the sidewall rolls in a 180° convolution between the piston and the cylinder bore as the piston moves. Nothing slides, so there is no seal friction and no piston fit: the piston and bore are 2.41 mm apart all round.",
   "The flat-flange 1.50 in size has a flange of bore + 1 in = 2.50 in (Ø63.5); the 2 in tri-clamp flange is Ø64.0. So the diaphragm's flange is clamped by a standard 2 in clamp in place of the gasket: between a ferrule's land and the seat ring that sits in the power head's standard face recess (flange 0.51 + ring 1.19 = the 1.7 web of a Type B gasket).",
   "Published numbers for this size: bore 1.50 in (Ø38.10), piston 1.31 in (Ø33.27), convolution 0.095 in (2.41), effective area 1.55 in² (1000 mm², the circle on the mean diameter), heights 0.44 / 0.62 / 0.94 / 1.50 in with maximum half strokes 0.06 / 0.24 / 0.56 / 1.12 in; sidewall ≈ 0.017 in, head and flange 0.020 in; flange radius 1/16 in, piston corner radius 1/16 in.",
   "The file is the 1.50 in high diaphragm as it sits in the power head at mid-stroke: head 15.34 mm below the flange plane, outer wall on the bore, convolution, inner wall on the piston. Over the 20 mm stroke of the power head (head 5.34 to 25.34 mm below the flange, inside the published 28.4 mm) the convolution moves half as far, from 20.0 to 30.0 mm.",
   "Rules from the same manual that the power head follows: the higher pressure must always be on the head side (a reversal, even brief, can fold the sidewall); the piston is guided so it never tips; the bore mouth and piston edge are radiused; the head is clamped between the piston and a retainer smaller than the piston's flat.",
   "The published standard range of this flat-flange style runs from 0.37 to 12 in bore; the next sizes either side are 1.37 in (flange 2.37 in) and 1.62 in (flange 2.62 in), which do not match a tri-clamp flange.",
   "Why not a piston sliding in the tube itself: 2 in sanitary tube is made to its OD (+0.002 / −0.011 in) and wall (0.065 ± 0.008 in), not to its bore, so the bore of one length can be anywhere from 46.8 to 48.0 mm, and it is not round to a sliding-seal standard. A rolling diaphragm runs in its own Ø38.10 bore inside the power head and only needs that bore round within a few tenths."
  ],
  "table": {
   "columns": [
    "bore_in",
    "piston_in",
    "convolution_in",
    "area_in2",
    "height_in",
    "max_half_stroke_in",
    "flange_od_in"
   ],
   "rows": [
    [
     1.37,
     1.19,
     0.09,
     1.28,
     1.37,
     1,
     2.37
    ],
    [
     1.5,
     1.31,
     0.095,
     1.55,
     0.94,
     0.56,
     2.5
    ],
    [
     1.5,
     1.31,
     0.095,
     1.55,
     1.5,
     1.12,
     2.5
    ],
    [
     1.62,
     1.44,
     0.09,
     1.83,
     1.62,
     1.25,
     2.62
    ],
    [
     1.75,
     1.56,
     0.095,
     2.15,
     1.75,
     1.37,
     2.75
    ],
    [
     2,
     1.81,
     0.095,
     2.85,
     2,
     1.62,
     3
    ]
   ]
  }
 },
 "sheet_text": "Top-hat rolling diaphragm, 1.50 in bore, flat flange: the one that clamps in a 2 in tri-clamp joint — dimension sheet\nSource: Xem Studio, https://xemstudio.com/objects/rolling-diaphragm-top-hat/  (CC BY 4.0)\nBasis: Published standard sizes and design rules of top-hat rolling diaphragms (Marsh Bellofram design manual 2022); installed shape drawn by Xem Studio from those numbers\nCatalog version: 2026-10-20\n\nSizes: see table below\n- A rolling diaphragm is a fabric-reinforced top hat. Its flange is clamped, its head is clamped to a piston, and the sidewall rolls in a 180° convolution between the piston and the cylinder bore as the piston moves. Nothing slides, so there is no seal friction and no piston fit: the piston and bore are 2.41 mm apart all round.\n- The flat-flange 1.50 in size has a flange of bore + 1 in = 2.50 in (Ø63.5); the 2 in tri-clamp flange is Ø64.0. So the diaphragm's flange is clamped by a standard 2 in clamp in place of the gasket: between a ferrule's land and the seat ring that sits in the power head's standard face recess (flange 0.51 + ring 1.19 = the 1.7 web of a Type B gasket).\n- Published numbers for this size: bore 1.50 in (Ø38.10), piston 1.31 in (Ø33.27), convolution 0.095 in (2.41), effective area 1.55 in² (1000 mm², the circle on the mean diameter), heights 0.44 / 0.62 / 0.94 / 1.50 in with maximum half strokes 0.06 / 0.24 / 0.56 / 1.12 in; sidewall ≈ 0.017 in, head and flange 0.020 in; flange radius 1/16 in, piston corner radius 1/16 in.\n- The file is the 1.50 in high diaphragm as it sits in the power head at mid-stroke: head 15.34 mm below the flange plane, outer wall on the bore, convolution, inner wall on the piston. Over the 20 mm stroke of the power head (head 5.34 to 25.34 mm below the flange, inside the published 28.4 mm) the convolution moves half as far, from 20.0 to 30.0 mm.\n- Rules from the same manual that the power head follows: the higher pressure must always be on the head side (a reversal, even brief, can fold the sidewall); the piston is guided so it never tips; the bore mouth and piston edge are radiused; the head is clamped between the piston and a retainer smaller than the piston's flat.\n- The published standard range of this flat-flange style runs from 0.37 to 12 in bore; the next sizes either side are 1.37 in (flange 2.37 in) and 1.62 in (flange 2.62 in), which do not match a tri-clamp flange.\n- Why not a piston sliding in the tube itself: 2 in sanitary tube is made to its OD (+0.002 / −0.011 in) and wall (0.065 ± 0.008 in), not to its bore, so the bore of one length can be anywhere from 46.8 to 48.0 mm, and it is not round to a sliding-seal standard. A rolling diaphragm runs in its own Ø38.10 bore inside the power head and only needs that bore round within a few tenths.\n\nbore_in  piston_in  convolution_in  area_in2  height_in  max_half_stroke_in  flange_od_in\n1.37  1.19  0.09  1.28  1.37  1.0  2.37\n1.5  1.31  0.095  1.55  0.94  0.56  2.5\n1.5  1.31  0.095  1.55  1.5  1.12  2.5\n1.62  1.44  0.09  1.83  1.62  1.25  2.62\n1.75  1.56  0.095  2.15  1.75  1.37  2.75\n2.0  1.81  0.095  2.85  2.0  1.62  3.0\n\nFiles elsewhere (not hosted by Xem Studio; license as stated by the publisher):\n- Marsh Bellofram: Rolling diaphragm design manual (2022): nomenclature, height formula, standard-size tables, hardware radii — PDF — publisher's manual; dimensions cited, nothing copied — https://damapi.marshbellofram.com/uploads/Bellofram_Diaphragm_Design_Manual_2022_7a922642c3.pdf\n- Steel & O'Brien: ASTM A270 sanitary tubing: OD and wall tolerances — web — publisher's table; dimensions cited — https://www.steelobrien.com/products/tubing-hangers-other/sanitary-tubing/astm-a270-tubing-polish-20ra-id-32ra-od/\n- ISO (via iTeh sample): ISO 2852 clamp liners: face profile and flange / groove diameters — PDF — standard excerpt; dimensions are facts — https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/7850/eb49c396488d408c8ced3e2961d76cf3/ISO-2852-1974.pdf\n- ASME: BPE Bioprocessing Equipment (clamp fitting dimensions, tube OD and wall) — standard — ASME; dimensions are facts [verify license at link] — https://www.asme.org/codes-standards/find-codes-standards/bpe-bioprocessing-equipment\n- Long Earth Society: Engine builds — web, video — LES site — https://longearthsociety.com/engineering/\n\nFree files (CC BY 4.0, Xem Studio; STEP + STL, 1 parts): https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/rolling-diaphragm-top-hat/index.json\nAPI: https://xemstudio.com/api/geometry?object=rolling-diaphragm-top-hat\n",
 "sources": [
  {
   "publisher": "Marsh Bellofram",
   "title": "Rolling diaphragm design manual (2022): nomenclature, height formula, standard-size tables, hardware radii",
   "url": "https://damapi.marshbellofram.com/uploads/Bellofram_Diaphragm_Design_Manual_2022_7a922642c3.pdf",
   "formats": [
    "PDF"
   ],
   "license": "publisher's manual; dimensions cited, nothing copied",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "Steel & O'Brien",
   "title": "ASTM A270 sanitary tubing: OD and wall tolerances",
   "url": "https://www.steelobrien.com/products/tubing-hangers-other/sanitary-tubing/astm-a270-tubing-polish-20ra-id-32ra-od/",
   "formats": [
    "web"
   ],
   "license": "publisher's table; dimensions cited",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "ISO (via iTeh sample)",
   "title": "ISO 2852 clamp liners: face profile and flange / groove diameters",
   "url": "https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/7850/eb49c396488d408c8ced3e2961d76cf3/ISO-2852-1974.pdf",
   "formats": [
    "PDF"
   ],
   "license": "standard excerpt; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "ASME",
   "title": "BPE Bioprocessing Equipment (clamp fitting dimensions, tube OD and wall)",
   "url": "https://www.asme.org/codes-standards/find-codes-standards/bpe-bioprocessing-equipment",
   "formats": [
    "standard"
   ],
   "license": "ASME; dimensions are facts",
   "license_verified": false,
   "hosted": false
  },
  {
   "publisher": "Long Earth Society",
   "title": "Engine builds",
   "url": "https://longearthsociety.com/engineering/",
   "formats": [
    "web",
    "video"
   ],
   "license": "LES site",
   "license_verified": true,
   "hosted": false
  }
 ],
 "xem": {
  "status": "free-files",
  "sheet_free": true,
  "mesh_price_usd": null,
  "step_price_usd": null,
  "tolerance_mm": null
 },
 "related": [
  "tri-clamp-rd-power-head",
  "tri-clamp-rd-piston",
  "tri-clamp-clamps",
  "list-tri-clamp-rd-beta",
  "list-tri-clamp-rd-ringbom",
  "list-tri-clamp-rd-gamma"
 ],
 "fits": [],
 "dimensions": "exact (nominal, no printing tolerance)",
 "dimension_rule": "All geometry on Xem Studio is exact (nominal, true size) with no printing tolerance. Where a part meets another part, the object lists its mating features (feature, exact size, what it mates with, fit class: press, slide, run, socket, clamp or designed). Apply your process's allowance to those features only; 'designed' gaps are part of the design and stay as drawn.",
 "mating": [
  {
   "feature": "flange",
   "exact": "Ø63.5 × 0.51",
   "mates": "2 in ferrule land and the seat ring in the power head's face, closed by a 2 in clamp",
   "fit": "clamp",
   "files": "all"
  },
  {
   "feature": "head",
   "exact": "Ø30.1 flat × 0.51",
   "mates": "piston crown, clamped by the head retainer",
   "fit": "clamp",
   "files": "all"
  },
  {
   "feature": "head holes",
   "exact": "Ø6 centre, 3 × Ø3.4 on Ø18",
   "mates": "retainer screws (no contact)",
   "fit": "designed",
   "files": "all"
  },
  {
   "feature": "convolution",
   "exact": "2.413 wide (Ø38.10 bore − Ø33.27 piston) / 2",
   "mates": "bore and piston walls",
   "fit": "designed",
   "files": "all"
  }
 ],
 "fit_classes": {
  "press": "stays put: pin, tube, bearing or magnet held by interference. Typical FDM: hole +0.0 to +0.1 mm on diameter.",
  "slide": "assembles by hand and is held by a grub, pinch or clamp: shaft in a hub, rod in a socket, spigot in a bore. Typical FDM: +0.2 mm.",
  "run": "turns or slides in use: pin in a link, rod through a guide. Typical FDM: +0.3 mm.",
  "socket": "large sliding fit: syringe barrel, sleeve, bobbin in a bore. Typical FDM: +0.3 mm.",
  "clamp": "split part that closes on the mating part with screws: make it at size.",
  "designed": "a gap that is part of the design (piston fit option, displacer gap, air gap): do not change."
 },
 "faq": [
  {
   "q": "Which rolling diaphragm fits a 2 in tri-clamp?",
   "a": "The flat-flange 1.50 in bore size: its flange is 2.50 in (63.5 mm) across, the 2 in tri-clamp flange is 64.0 mm, so the clamp holds it in place of the gasket."
  },
  {
   "q": "How far can it stroke?",
   "a": "The 1.50 in high one up to 1.12 in (28.4 mm) on one side of the flange plane; the power head uses 20 mm of it."
  },
  {
   "q": "Does the piston have to fit the bore?",
   "a": "No. The piston is 2.41 mm smaller than the bore on each side; the diaphragm rolls in that gap. Round and on size within a few tenths is enough."
  },
  {
   "q": "What is the catch?",
   "a": "The gas must always push on the head side. If the working gas drops below the pressure behind the diaphragm, the sidewall can fold. Keep the engine's lowest pressure at or above the back side (a one-way valve that lets air in does this)."
  }
 ],
 "files_license": null,
 "offers": [
  {
   "file": "rd-diaphragm-1.50-h1.50",
   "formats": [
    "step",
    "stl"
   ],
   "price_usd": 0,
   "license": "CC BY 4.0 (Xem Studio)",
   "step": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/rolling-diaphragm-top-hat/rd-diaphragm-1.50-h1.50.step",
   "stl": "https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/rolling-diaphragm-top-hat/rd-diaphragm-1.50-h1.50.stl",
   "note": "top-hat rolling diaphragm, 1.50 in bore (Ø38.10) × 1.31 in piston (Ø33.27) × 1.50 in high: flat flange Ø63.5 × 0.51, sidewall 0.43, Ø6 centre hole and 3 × Ø3.4 on Ø18 in the head; drawn installed in the 2 in power head at mid-stroke (head 15.34 below the flange, convolution 24.96 below it)"
  }
 ],
 "markdown": "https://xemstudio.com/objects/rolling-diaphragm-top-hat/index.md"
}