Front wing in ground effect (open-wheel) — dimension sheet
Source: Xem Studio, https://xemstudio.com/objects/front-wing-ground-effect/  (sheet CC BY 4.0; files Xem Studio Design License, https://xemstudio.com/license/)
Basis: Design rules and figures from the cited sources; example geometry by Xem Studio
Catalog version: 2026-10-20

Sizes: see table below
- Running a wing close to the ground accelerates the flow under it, so downforce rises as ride height falls, until the flow separates and force drops sharply (Zhang & Zerihan).
- Southampton's double-element wing reached CL 3.03 at h/c 0.079; below that, downforce fell sharply. A cited single-element study saw a force reduction of up to 25%.
- UIUC front-wing tests found flap angle, flap planform and endplate size all moved CL markedly (Jasinski & Selig).
- Used on: Formula One and Champ Car front wings (UIUC test geometries).
- The file is a reference example built by Xem Studio from the numbers above (Zhang & Zerihan test wing; mount at h = 0.079c (30 mm) for peak downforce.). Sizes the sources do not fix are illustrative; scale the example to your own vehicle.

parameter  value or range  source
Max CL (double element, high flap)  3.028 at h/c 0.079  Zhang & Zerihan
Max CL (double element, low flap)  2.588 at h/c 0.066  Zhang & Zerihan
Single-element force reduction  up to 25%  Zhang & Zerihan (cited study)
Model reference chord / span  380 mm / 1100 mm  Zhang & Zerihan
UIUC semi-span model  46.23 cm span, 33.02 cm reference chord  Jasinski & Selig (UIUC)

Files elsewhere (not hosted by Xem Studio; license as stated by the publisher):
- University of Southampton / AIAA Journal: Aerodynamics of a Double-Element Wing in Ground Effect (Zhang & Zerihan, AIAA J. 41(6), 2003) — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/22605/1/AIAA-2057-653.pdf
- University of Illinois / SAE: Experimental Study of Open-Wheel Race-Car Front Wings (Jasinski & Selig, SAE 1998) — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts — https://m-selig.web.engr.illinois.edu/pubs/JasinskiSelig-1998-MSEC-SAE-Trans-V107-S6.pdf

Free files (Xem Studio Design License, Xem Studio; STEP + STL, 1 parts): https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/front-wing-ground-effect/index.json
API: https://xemstudio.com/api/geometry?object=front-wing-ground-effect