# Involute splines ISO 4156 (metric module, 30° side fit): pitch, major and minor diameter by module and tooth count + example shaft STEP/STL

> What are the pitch, major and minor diameters of an ISO 4156 involute spline for module 2 and 24 teeth?

- Category: Hardware › Bearings, rails & motion
- Kind: Standard part
- Basis: ISO 4156:1981 Table 2 formulas (sample pages) and Roymech's transcription of the same table; basic dimensions, esv = 0, no tolerance; true involute shaft sections drawn from them
- Page: https://xemstudio.com/objects/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/ · JSON: https://xemstudio.com/api/geometry?object=involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module · Plain text: https://xemstudio.com/objects/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/sheet.txt
- License: dimension sheet CC BY 4.0 (Xem Studio); files CC BY 4.0 or their publisher's license
- Use in every chat: add https://xemstudio.com/mcp as a connector (https://xemstudio.com/use-with-ai/)

**Exact dimensions.** Every file is drawn at true size with no tolerance added. The holes and pins that meet another part are listed below under Mating features, with the fit each joint needs; open those by your process's clearance before making the part.

## Notes

- ISO 4156 (straight cylindrical involute splines, metric module, side fit) names a spline by module m and tooth count z. Pressure angles 30°, 37.5° and 45°; this page tabulates the 30° forms. Basic formulas (ISO 4156:1981 Table 2 sample pages, confirmed by Roymech's transcription): pitch Ø D = m z; circular pitch π m; basic tooth thickness π m / 2; external major Ø 30° m (z + 1); external minor Ø 30° flat root m (z − 1.5) and fillet root m (z − 1.8); internal major Ø minimum 30° flat root m (z + 1.5) and fillet root m (z + 1.8); 37.5° fillet root: external major m (z + 0.9), external minor m (z − 1.4), internal major m (z + 1.4); 45° fillet root: external major m (z + 0.8), external minor m (z − 1.2), internal major m (z + 1.2); form radius cF = 0.1 m.
- The standard's major / minor diameters carry an effective-variation term (esv / tan αD, with esv the effective tooth thickness deviation, and the machining allowance (T + λ) / tan αD for the maximum internal major diameter); the table lists the basic values, esv = 0. The modules are 0.25 to 10 (ISO 4156 scope; Machinery's Handbook lists the preferred series 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10). Tolerance classes H/h, H/f, H/e, H/d (side fit) apply tooth thickness deviations from ISO 286-type fundamental deviations; those are not in the table.
- Compare ANSI B92.1 (inch pitch): the ANSI flat-root external minor is (N − 1.35) / P (or − 1.2 for 16/32 and finer) against ISO's m (z − 1.5); the two systems are not identical even at the same pitch diameter. Files: 10 external spline shaft sections, 25 mm long, one extruded solid with the basic 30° flat-root tooth: pitch, major and minor diameters from the table, true involute flanks, tooth thickness half the circular pitch. The 25 mm length is an example; the root fillet is not modelled (the flank is carried down to the root circle). Fillet-root and 37.5° / 45° shafts and internal splines are not drawn.
- The standard (ISO 4156-1 to -3) is sold by ISO and linked, not reproduced; tooth counts are not limited by the sample pages read, so any z follows from the formulas.

## Mating features (exact size; open press / slide / run / socket by your process clearance, leave designed and clamp as drawn)

| feature | exact | mates with | fit | files |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| external spline | D = m z, major m (z + 1), flat-root minor m (z − 1.5), fillet-root minor m (z − 1.8) (basic) | internal spline of the same module and z (internal major m (z + 1.5) flat root, m (z + 1.8) fillet root, minimum) | designed | spline-shaft* |
| tooth form | 30°, basic tooth thickness π m / 2 on the pitch circle | internal spline of the same module, z and 30° pressure angle | designed | spline-shaft* |

## Sizes

| module m, mm | teeth z | pitch Ø D = m z, mm | major Ø external (30°) m (z + 1) | minor Ø external, flat root m (z − 1.5) | minor Ø external, fillet root m (z − 1.8) | major Ø internal min, flat root m (z + 1.5) | major Ø internal min, fillet root m (z + 1.8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 | 10 | 5 | 5.5 | 4.25 | 4.1 | 5.75 | 5.9 |
| 0.5 | 12 | 6 | 6.5 | 5.25 | 5.1 | 6.75 | 6.9 |
| 0.5 | 16 | 8 | 8.5 | 7.25 | 7.1 | 8.75 | 8.9 |
| 0.5 | 20 | 10 | 10.5 | 9.25 | 9.1 | 10.75 | 10.9 |
| 0.5 | 24 | 12 | 12.5 | 11.25 | 11.1 | 12.75 | 12.9 |
| 0.5 | 30 | 15 | 15.5 | 14.25 | 14.1 | 15.75 | 15.9 |
| 0.5 | 36 | 18 | 18.5 | 17.25 | 17.1 | 18.75 | 18.9 |
| 0.5 | 48 | 24 | 24.5 | 23.25 | 23.1 | 24.75 | 24.9 |
| 0.75 | 10 | 7.5 | 8.25 | 6.375 | 6.15 | 8.625 | 8.85 |
| 0.75 | 12 | 9 | 9.75 | 7.875 | 7.65 | 10.125 | 10.35 |
| 0.75 | 16 | 12 | 12.75 | 10.875 | 10.65 | 13.125 | 13.35 |
| 0.75 | 20 | 15 | 15.75 | 13.875 | 13.65 | 16.125 | 16.35 |
| 0.75 | 24 | 18 | 18.75 | 16.875 | 16.65 | 19.125 | 19.35 |
| 0.75 | 30 | 22.5 | 23.25 | 21.375 | 21.15 | 23.625 | 23.85 |
| 0.75 | 36 | 27 | 27.75 | 25.875 | 25.65 | 28.125 | 28.35 |
| 0.75 | 48 | 36 | 36.75 | 34.875 | 34.65 | 37.125 | 37.35 |
| 1 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 11.5 | 11.8 |
| 1 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 13.5 | 13.8 |
| 1 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 17.5 | 17.8 |
| 1 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 18.5 | 18.2 | 21.5 | 21.8 |
| 1 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 22.5 | 22.2 | 25.5 | 25.8 |
| 1 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 28.5 | 28.2 | 31.5 | 31.8 |
| 1 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 34.5 | 34.2 | 37.5 | 37.8 |
| 1 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 46.5 | 46.2 | 49.5 | 49.8 |
| 1.25 | 10 | 12.5 | 13.75 | 10.625 | 10.25 | 14.375 | 14.75 |
| 1.25 | 12 | 15 | 16.25 | 13.125 | 12.75 | 16.875 | 17.25 |
| 1.25 | 16 | 20 | 21.25 | 18.125 | 17.75 | 21.875 | 22.25 |
| 1.25 | 20 | 25 | 26.25 | 23.125 | 22.75 | 26.875 | 27.25 |
| 1.25 | 24 | 30 | 31.25 | 28.125 | 27.75 | 31.875 | 32.25 |
| 1.25 | 30 | 37.5 | 38.75 | 35.625 | 35.25 | 39.375 | 39.75 |
| 1.25 | 36 | 45 | 46.25 | 43.125 | 42.75 | 46.875 | 47.25 |
| 1.25 | 48 | 60 | 61.25 | 58.125 | 57.75 | 61.875 | 62.25 |
| 1.5 | 10 | 15 | 16.5 | 12.75 | 12.3 | 17.25 | 17.7 |
| 1.5 | 12 | 18 | 19.5 | 15.75 | 15.3 | 20.25 | 20.7 |
| 1.5 | 16 | 24 | 25.5 | 21.75 | 21.3 | 26.25 | 26.7 |
| 1.5 | 20 | 30 | 31.5 | 27.75 | 27.3 | 32.25 | 32.7 |
| 1.5 | 24 | 36 | 37.5 | 33.75 | 33.3 | 38.25 | 38.7 |
| 1.5 | 30 | 45 | 46.5 | 42.75 | 42.3 | 47.25 | 47.7 |
| 1.5 | 36 | 54 | 55.5 | 51.75 | 51.3 | 56.25 | 56.7 |
| 1.5 | 48 | 72 | 73.5 | 69.75 | 69.3 | 74.25 | 74.7 |
| 1.75 | 10 | 17.5 | 19.25 | 14.875 | 14.35 | 20.125 | 20.65 |
| 1.75 | 12 | 21 | 22.75 | 18.375 | 17.85 | 23.625 | 24.15 |
| 1.75 | 16 | 28 | 29.75 | 25.375 | 24.85 | 30.625 | 31.15 |
| 1.75 | 20 | 35 | 36.75 | 32.375 | 31.85 | 37.625 | 38.15 |
| 1.75 | 24 | 42 | 43.75 | 39.375 | 38.85 | 44.625 | 45.15 |
| 1.75 | 30 | 52.5 | 54.25 | 49.875 | 49.35 | 55.125 | 55.65 |
| 1.75 | 36 | 63 | 64.75 | 60.375 | 59.85 | 65.625 | 66.15 |
| 1.75 | 48 | 84 | 85.75 | 81.375 | 80.85 | 86.625 | 87.15 |
| 2 | 10 | 20 | 22 | 17 | 16.4 | 23 | 23.6 |
| 2 | 12 | 24 | 26 | 21 | 20.4 | 27 | 27.6 |
| 2 | 16 | 32 | 34 | 29 | 28.4 | 35 | 35.6 |
| 2 | 20 | 40 | 42 | 37 | 36.4 | 43 | 43.6 |
| 2 | 24 | 48 | 50 | 45 | 44.4 | 51 | 51.6 |
| 2 | 30 | 60 | 62 | 57 | 56.4 | 63 | 63.6 |
| 2 | 36 | 72 | 74 | 69 | 68.4 | 75 | 75.6 |
| 2 | 48 | 96 | 98 | 93 | 92.4 | 99 | 99.6 |
| 2.5 | 10 | 25 | 27.5 | 21.25 | 20.5 | 28.75 | 29.5 |
| 2.5 | 12 | 30 | 32.5 | 26.25 | 25.5 | 33.75 | 34.5 |
| 2.5 | 16 | 40 | 42.5 | 36.25 | 35.5 | 43.75 | 44.5 |
| 2.5 | 20 | 50 | 52.5 | 46.25 | 45.5 | 53.75 | 54.5 |
| 2.5 | 24 | 60 | 62.5 | 56.25 | 55.5 | 63.75 | 64.5 |
| 2.5 | 30 | 75 | 77.5 | 71.25 | 70.5 | 78.75 | 79.5 |
| 2.5 | 36 | 90 | 92.5 | 86.25 | 85.5 | 93.75 | 94.5 |
| 2.5 | 48 | 120 | 122.5 | 116.25 | 115.5 | 123.75 | 124.5 |
| 3 | 10 | 30 | 33 | 25.5 | 24.6 | 34.5 | 35.4 |
| 3 | 12 | 36 | 39 | 31.5 | 30.6 | 40.5 | 41.4 |
| 3 | 16 | 48 | 51 | 43.5 | 42.6 | 52.5 | 53.4 |
| 3 | 20 | 60 | 63 | 55.5 | 54.6 | 64.5 | 65.4 |
| 3 | 24 | 72 | 75 | 67.5 | 66.6 | 76.5 | 77.4 |
| 3 | 30 | 90 | 93 | 85.5 | 84.6 | 94.5 | 95.4 |
| 3 | 36 | 108 | 111 | 103.5 | 102.6 | 112.5 | 113.4 |
| 3 | 48 | 144 | 147 | 139.5 | 138.6 | 148.5 | 149.4 |
| 4 | 10 | 40 | 44 | 34 | 32.8 | 46 | 47.2 |
| 4 | 12 | 48 | 52 | 42 | 40.8 | 54 | 55.2 |
| 4 | 16 | 64 | 68 | 58 | 56.8 | 70 | 71.2 |
| 4 | 20 | 80 | 84 | 74 | 72.8 | 86 | 87.2 |
| 4 | 24 | 96 | 100 | 90 | 88.8 | 102 | 103.2 |
| 4 | 30 | 120 | 124 | 114 | 112.8 | 126 | 127.2 |
| 4 | 36 | 144 | 148 | 138 | 136.8 | 150 | 151.2 |
| 4 | 48 | 192 | 196 | 186 | 184.8 | 198 | 199.2 |
| 5 | 10 | 50 | 55 | 42.5 | 41 | 57.5 | 59 |
| 5 | 12 | 60 | 65 | 52.5 | 51 | 67.5 | 69 |
| 5 | 16 | 80 | 85 | 72.5 | 71 | 87.5 | 89 |
| 5 | 20 | 100 | 105 | 92.5 | 91 | 107.5 | 109 |
| 5 | 24 | 120 | 125 | 112.5 | 111 | 127.5 | 129 |
| 5 | 30 | 150 | 155 | 142.5 | 141 | 157.5 | 159 |
| 5 | 36 | 180 | 185 | 172.5 | 171 | 187.5 | 189 |
| 5 | 48 | 240 | 245 | 232.5 | 231 | 247.5 | 249 |
| 6 | 10 | 60 | 66 | 51 | 49.2 | 69 | 70.8 |
| 6 | 12 | 72 | 78 | 63 | 61.2 | 81 | 82.8 |
| 6 | 16 | 96 | 102 | 87 | 85.2 | 105 | 106.8 |
| 6 | 20 | 120 | 126 | 111 | 109.2 | 129 | 130.8 |
| 6 | 24 | 144 | 150 | 135 | 133.2 | 153 | 154.8 |
| 6 | 30 | 180 | 186 | 171 | 169.2 | 189 | 190.8 |
| 6 | 36 | 216 | 222 | 207 | 205.2 | 225 | 226.8 |
| 6 | 48 | 288 | 294 | 279 | 277.2 | 297 | 298.8 |
| 8 | 10 | 80 | 88 | 68 | 65.6 | 92 | 94.4 |
| 8 | 12 | 96 | 104 | 84 | 81.6 | 108 | 110.4 |
| 8 | 16 | 128 | 136 | 116 | 113.6 | 140 | 142.4 |
| 8 | 20 | 160 | 168 | 148 | 145.6 | 172 | 174.4 |
| 8 | 24 | 192 | 200 | 180 | 177.6 | 204 | 206.4 |
| 8 | 30 | 240 | 248 | 228 | 225.6 | 252 | 254.4 |
| 8 | 36 | 288 | 296 | 276 | 273.6 | 300 | 302.4 |
| 8 | 48 | 384 | 392 | 372 | 369.6 | 396 | 398.4 |
| 10 | 10 | 100 | 110 | 85 | 82 | 115 | 118 |
| 10 | 12 | 120 | 130 | 105 | 102 | 135 | 138 |
| 10 | 16 | 160 | 170 | 145 | 142 | 175 | 178 |
| 10 | 20 | 200 | 210 | 185 | 182 | 215 | 218 |
| 10 | 24 | 240 | 250 | 225 | 222 | 255 | 258 |
| 10 | 30 | 300 | 310 | 285 | 282 | 315 | 318 |
| 10 | 36 | 360 | 370 | 345 | 342 | 375 | 378 |
| 10 | 48 | 480 | 490 | 465 | 462 | 495 | 498 |

## Where the files are

- iTeh Standards: [ISO 4156:1981 sample pages: Table 2 basic formulas (m z, m (z + 1), m (z - 1.5), m (z + 1.5)), modules 0.25 to 10](https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/9921/e5c84452a1134654b8dede51d1d84e10/ISO-4156-1981.pdf) — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts
- Roymech: [Involute splines (ISO 4156): module formulas for 30 degree flat and fillet root, 37.5 and 45 degrees](https://roymech.org/Useful_Tables/Keyways/Splines_Inv.html) — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts
- ISO: [ISO 4156-1:2005 Straight cylindrical involute splines, metric module, side fit (standard; sold, not reproduced)](https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/iso/91545c02-7de1-4792-ba81-e79b17716af6/iso-4156-1-2005) — standard — ISO; dimensions are facts (verify at link)
- Machinery's Handbook, 31st ed. (online edition): [Table 3: basic dimensions for involute splines ANSI B92.1-1996: pitch series 2.5/5 to 128/256, 6 to 60 teeth at 30 degrees](https://online.flippingbook.com/view/954046886/1000) — web — Publisher's page; dimensions are facts

## Free STEP/STL (10 parts, CC BY 4.0, Xem Studio)

Index: https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/index.json

- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m0-5-z30: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m0-5-z30.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m0-5-z30.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 0.5, 30 teeth: pitch Ø15 mm, major Ø15.5 mm, minor (root) Ø14.25 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore
- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-z20: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-z20.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-z20.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 1, 20 teeth: pitch Ø20 mm, major Ø21 mm, minor (root) Ø18.5 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore
- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-z30: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-z30.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-z30.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 1, 30 teeth: pitch Ø30 mm, major Ø31 mm, minor (root) Ø28.5 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore
- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-5-z16: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-5-z16.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-5-z16.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 1.5, 16 teeth: pitch Ø24 mm, major Ø25.5 mm, minor (root) Ø21.75 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore
- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-5-z24: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-5-z24.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m1-5-z24.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 1.5, 24 teeth: pitch Ø36 mm, major Ø37.5 mm, minor (root) Ø33.75 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore
- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m2-z16: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m2-z16.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m2-z16.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 2, 16 teeth: pitch Ø32 mm, major Ø34 mm, minor (root) Ø29 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore
- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m2-z24: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m2-z24.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m2-z24.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 2, 24 teeth: pitch Ø48 mm, major Ø50 mm, minor (root) Ø45 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore
- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m2-5-z18: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m2-5-z18.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m2-5-z18.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 2.5, 18 teeth: pitch Ø45 mm, major Ø47.5 mm, minor (root) Ø41.25 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore
- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m3-z14: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m3-z14.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m3-z14.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 3, 14 teeth: pitch Ø42 mm, major Ø45 mm, minor (root) Ø37.5 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore
- spline-shaft-iso-4156-m3-z20: [STEP](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m3-z20.step) · [STL](https://xemstudio.com/files/hardware/involute-splines-iso-4156-metric-module/spline-shaft-iso-4156-m3-z20.stl) — ISO 4156 30° flat-root external spline shaft section, module 3, 20 teeth: pitch Ø60 mm, major Ø63 mm, minor (root) Ø55.5 mm; basic tooth (thickness half the circular pitch, no tolerance, effective-variation shift esv = 0), true involute flank carried down to the root circle (root fillet not modelled); the 25 mm length is an example, no chamfer, no bore

## Questions

**What is the major diameter of a module 2, 24-tooth ISO 4156 spline?**

External major m (z + 1) = 50 mm; pitch Ø 48 mm; external minor Ø (flat root) m (z − 1.5) = 45 mm, fillet root m (z − 1.8) = 44.4 mm (basic values).

**How is an ISO 4156 spline sized?**

By module and number of teeth: pitch diameter = module × teeth, with the pressure angle 30°, 37.5° or 45° and a flat or fillet root.

**Is ISO 4156 the same as DIN 5480?**

Related but not identical: DIN 5480 is the German module system with its own fit tables; this page is ISO 4156 only.

## Fits with

- [Involute splines ANSI B92.1 (30° flat root, side fit): pitch, major and minor diameters by tooth count, 5/10 to 48/96 + example shaft STEP/STL](https://xemstudio.com/objects/involute-splines-ansi-b92-1-30deg-flat-root/)
- [SAE straight-side splines, 4, 6, 10 and 16 splines: major diameter D, spline width W and root diameter d (fit A) + example shaft STEP/STL](https://xemstudio.com/objects/sae-straight-side-splines-4-6-10-16/)
- [Spur gears, module 1: 10 to 80 teeth (20° involute)](https://xemstudio.com/objects/spur-gears-module-1/)
- [Spur gears, module 2: 10 to 80 teeth (20° involute)](https://xemstudio.com/objects/spur-gears-module-2/)
- [Gear racks ISO 53 module 1 to 3: tooth profile, pitch, depth and root radius + module 1.5, 2.5, 3 rack STEP/STL](https://xemstudio.com/objects/gear-racks-iso-53-module-1-to-3/)
- [Parallel keys DIN 6885 form A: 2 × 2 to 18 × 11, with keyway depths](https://xemstudio.com/objects/parallel-keys-din-6885/)
