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Anhedral on ground-effect wings

Why do ground-effect craft wings droop? · Standard part · basis: Design rules and figures from the cited sources; example geometry by Xem Studio

Also called: wig anhedral, ground effect anhedral, anhedral reverse delta, drooped wing ekranoplan, inverse dihedral wig, lippisch anhedral, wig wing angle, ground effect wing droop

Exact dimensions. True size, with no printing tolerance added.

sizes
3 in table

Notes

  • Lippisch craft used inverse dihedral so the tips or sponsons touch the water while the hull stays above it, forming a high-pressure 'air tunnel' under the wing (Rozhdestvensky; Frontiers 2022).
  • On a reverse-delta wing tested at 8-45 deg anhedral, 15 deg was selected; at h/c near 0 the anhedral configuration gave lift increases of 270% (8 deg) and 150% (45 deg) over free flight (Frontiers 2022 review).
  • Used on: Lippisch X-113.
  • The file is a reference example built by Xem Studio from the numbers above. Sizes the sources do not fix are illustrative; scale the example to your own vehicle.

Anhedral on ground-effect wings size chart

parametervalue or rangesource
Anhedral tested / selected8-45 deg / 15 degFrontiers 2022
Lift increase at h/c ~ 0270% (8 deg), 150% (45 deg)Frontiers 2022
Reference buildspan 700, root 400, anhedral 15Frontiers 2022

Where the files are

Other publishers' files are linked, not hosted. "verify" = check the license at the link before commercial use.

Progress in Aerospace Sciences (K.V. Rozhdestvensky, 2006)Wing-in-ground effect vehicles (review)webPublisher's page; dimensions are facts
Frontiers in Aerospace Engineering (2022)Review of ground-effect experiments on rectangular, reverse-delta and delta wingswebPublisher's page; dimensions are facts

Free files

★ Free files 1 parts. Xem Studio design: free to use, print and sell things from; not to be republished as files. Xem Studio Design License. index.json

wig-anhedral-wingLippisch reverse delta: straight leading edge, trailing edge swept forward to the tips, span 700, root 400 mm, anhedral 15° (scale to your craft)STEP · STL
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Plain text: sheet.txt · JSON: /api/geometry?object=wig-anhedral

Anhedral on ground-effect wings, isometric render of a generated part
Render of wig-anhedral-wing from the free STEP; not to scale.

Fits with

Ground effect: height/span ratio and induced-drag reduction, isometric render of a generated part
Ground effect: height/span ratio and induced-drag reduction6 sizes★ 1 file
Ground effect: height/chord ratio (ram / chord-dominated regime), isometric render of a generated part
Ground effect: height/chord ratio (ram / chord-dominated regime)7 sizes★ 1 file
Lippisch reverse-delta ground-effect craft, isometric render of a generated part
Lippisch reverse-delta ground-effect craft7 sizes★ 1 file
Ekranoplan layout (low wing + high tailplane out of ground effect), isometric render of a generated part
Ekranoplan layout (low wing + high tailplane out of ground effect)6 sizes★ 1 file
Tandem-wing ground-effect craft (Jorg type), isometric render of a generated part
Tandem-wing ground-effect craft (Jorg type)3 sizes★ 1 file
Power-augmented ram (PAR), isometric render of a generated part
Power-augmented ram (PAR)8 sizes★ 1 file

Questions

How much anhedral for a WIG model?

One reverse-delta study chose 15 deg (Frontiers 2022).